HOW TO IMPLEMENT DESIGN INSTRUCTIONAL INTO INOVATIVE TEACHING LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS

Emmanuel Kant said that if we want to see the world, we should see our own mind. It means that if the world is transformed into mathematics, we can see mathematics by seeing our own knowledge of mathematics. It also means that when teacher teaches in front of the class, she should look at the students’ knowledge of mathematics. That is the biggest problem on teaching learning process of mathematics during these days.

Emmanuel Kant has defined mathematics as a synthetic apriory. Mathematicians think that mathematics is just for mathematics. This opinion usually called as apriory or formal mathematics. But Emmanuel Kant thinks that mathematics must be more real, more concrete, and more operative. This opinion usually called as constructivism.

Based on constructivism idea, teacher should motivate, support and facilitate student to construct their own knowledge of mathematics. In fact, most of teacher in Indonesia still can’t facilitate the students. They develop a design, but they don’t use it actually. Here I will try to explain some aspects of teaching learning process that very crucial on developing innovative learning based on Mr.Marsigit course on Instructional Design of Mathematics.

A.    CURRICULUM

The kind of curriculum that can support the design of teaching learning process is curriculum that can facilitate students to construct their own knowledge. There are two kinds of curriculum:

1.      Instrumental Curriculum

Instrumental curriculum is curriculum that dominated by teacher as the executor of government’ goals. It means that teacher never think to facilitate students, but teacher only teach without carry about students’ knowledge.

This curriculum usually used in developing countries and also partial countries, because by using instrumental curriculum government can make the system still in their control.

The example of this curriculum is Indonesia in 1975. In 1975 Indonesia use behaviorism philosophy on its education system. It is caused by the rebellion of PKI. So, the minded of Indonesian’s government is top down, that is teacher to student.

Now, Indonesia use KTSP as it’s educational system. But actually this system is also instrumental curriculum, since KTSP is consist of based competency and standard competency, which is 80% of its curriculum is come from government.

The evidence of this instrumental curriculum is Indonesia still use national examination as its assessment. National examination is the soul of centralized curriculum. So, we can conclude that from the start of Indonesian education system, Indonesia still use instrumental curriculum as the philosophy of its system. It is caused by the use of national examination as its assessment. So, the teaching learning process doesn’t need any educational theories, experiments, and also educational study because it only needs exercises to solve many problems.

2.      Individual / Interactive Curriculum

Individual or interactive curriculum is curriculum that will facilitate students to construct their own knowledge. So, if teacher will use individual curriculum they should understand the aspects that will effect the educational system to be instrumental system.

B.     LESSON PLAN

In instrumental curriculum, lesson plan is lesson plan that already made by our curriculum developer during these days. This lesson plan has the same components and formats. So, between one teacher and other teachers have same lesson plan.

But in interactive curriculum, lesson plan is teachers’ rights. It belongs to teacher because lesson plan is like teacher’s outfit

In Japan, there are not same lesson plan. They only get some escorts from government to develop lesson plan, but the teacher will develop it by their self. The most important thing is the lesson plan must be in the same way with the paradigm, which is to facilitate students to construct their own knowledge. They also use port polio as their assessment. So, they don’t use national examination, but only use some recruitment to joining a class.

C.     LEARNING EQUIPMENT

There are three kinds of learning equipments:

1.      Lesson Plan

The most important think is if teachers still can buy any lesson plan or they can copy any lesson plan, it means the lesson plan is not innovative. Because a good lesson plan only used in one class, one material, and one time.

2.      Students’ Worksheet

The most important think is if teachers still can buy any students worksheet, it means the students’ worksheet is not innovative. Since students’ worksheet is based on the situation in the class. Most of teacher also thinks that students’ worksheet is a collection of problems. This is also a traditional students’ worksheet.

An innovative students’ worksheet is media or facility in such away student can construct their own knowledge

These are some aspects of how to construct mathematical knowledge:

a.       To break down the procedure into the component

b.      The rational of each component

c.       Contribution of each component

d.      Relationship among the component

e.       Heretical structure of whole component

f.       Direct logical implication to the conclusion

Those six aspects must be contained in a students’ worksheet.

3.      Module

D.    ASSESMENT

The example of innovative assessment is port folio, which can be collected by teacher or students. In Australia, the port folio is collected by both of teacher and students, so students are also have keeping report to collect their tasks.

Not all objective assessment can be used in many lessons, for example in religion lesson. Since religion is a process, so we can’t use objective assessment to evaluate the skill of students. Objective assessment is only used to determine the knowledge of students, but it’s not use to determine the skill of students.

From the explanation above, we can conclude that nowadays Indonesia is going to go to capitalism system. It is very dangerous because it’s irrelevant with the culture of Indonesia. Now, the future of Indonesia depends on the youth of Indonesia. If they can do the best, Indonesia will become a develop country, and vice versa.

And the most important thing is the lesson of instructional design for Indonesian people is just idealism, ambition, and also utopia, because the possibility of Indonesian education system becoming innovative is very rare. But this lesson is necessary to enrich our knowledge of innovative teaching learning process